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Earthquakes have always been a topic of discussion throughout history due to their sudden development and destructiveness. As long as the Earth's lithosphere, or upper crust, continues to move, they will continue to occur, and there is no technology that can prevent these disasters. Therefore, it is up to us humans to act based on data and take precautions. Thanks to geographic information systems (GIS), we can develop applications such as fault line movement and recent earth

Turkey and its surrounding areas have been handed over to various peoples throughout history, each carrying a diverse legacy. Whether of different nationalities or common origins, the region's inhabitants have left behind a variety of cultural structures, artifacts, and stories that have left their mark on the future. Therefore, we have prepared a guide that encompasses them all. Welcome to Anatolian history, chronologically. Contents The Birthplace of Civilization: Göbekli T

The history of cartography dates back thousands of years BC and continues to evolve today. When researching any topic, looking at historical records should always be your first step. With this in mind, we decided to create a comprehensive content. Contents The Renaissance's Impact on Discoveries First Step to America: The Truth Behind Christopher Columbus's Voyage How One Voyage Changed the World: Vasco da Gama and the Spice Route A 500-Year-Old Riddle: The Piri Reis Map and

The Amazon rainforest stands out as one of the most awe-inspiring and complex ecosystems on the planet. Spread across nine countries and covering millions of square kilometers, this forest is home to a diverse range of life forms, many of which remain undiscovered. Beyond its rich biodiversity, the Amazon also harbors traces of ancient civilizations hidden beneath the dense vegetation and scattered across forgotten landscapes. Untouched areas of the forest continue to attrac

Turkey's coastline is home to a diverse array of islands, many of which have become popular destinations over the years. Yet, beyond the well-known names and crowded tourist routes, there's a quieter, more isolated side to island life. Tucked away along the Aegean and Marmara seas, largely untouched by mass tourism, lie a string of small, obscure islands. These islands are not only geographically unique but also rich in cultural heritage and tourism. In this article, we tak

The poles are some of the most remote, extreme, and least understood places on Earth. These icy shores are shaped by freezing temperatures, long periods of darkness and light, and vast snow and ice caps. Despite their harshness, they are not considered empty. These regions are home to unique ecosystems, extraordinary wildlife, and play a vital role in regulating the world's climate. In recent years, the poles have become increasingly popular with the global scientific commun

We always talk about forest fires afterward: how many hectares were burned, how many days did it last, how many people intervened? But the real question often lingers: Could we have foreseen this? In this article, we look not at the past, but at the possibilities. Thanks to two recent studies based on satellite data, we'll examine what nature tells us about where and when fires might break out. So, it's a little science, a little data, and a little effort to understand nature

Drought doesn't begin overnight. First, rainfall decreases, then humidity decreases, and plants lose their color. The key to understanding this silent progression is not just looking at the ground, but looking from above. Satellites have been tracking these changes for years. In this article, I'll explain how atmospheric irregularities are mapped, what data helps us predict soil drying, and why we should think of drought as a matter of "foreknowledge." What Does Drought Tell

Simply seeing how much "green" a field actually is isn't always enough. Especially when we're talking about large areas, some technology is essential. Did you know we can measure the health of plants remotely, and even numerically? NDVI does exactly that. It helps us understand the condition of soil, fields, and forests by looking at satellite imagery. Without further ado, let's take a detailed look at what NDVI is and where it's used. Contents Interpretation of NDVI Values N

Carl Gauss long ago demonstrated the impossibility of transferring the world onto flat paper . Just as it's impossible to peel an orange and make it perfectly flat, creating a map of the Earth's surface inevitably distorts some of it. Projections are mathematical methods that show us how to manage these distortions. When deciding which feature to preserve, we ask ourselves: shape, area, or distance. Ultimately, every projection perfectly preserves a limited feature, while o

The Earth's crust isn't just a flat plate; it's a gigantic labyrinth filled with fractures, potholes, and high peaks. So, how can we bring this complex labyrinth to our computer screen? In the world of cartography and GIS (Geographic Information Systems), surface modeling is the answer to this question. Every point on Earth has an elevation value, and the "digital surface" formed by combining these values can be represented using various methods. This article will examine th

Today, more than 58 million parcels in Turkey can be searched digitally in seconds. How is this possible ? The answer lies in the years-old databases and modern technologies of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (TKGM) in Turkey. Since 1924, cadastral engineers have completed the measurement of approximately 58.5 million parcels, creating the country's two-dimensional cadastre. Managing this vast real estate stock today requires not only traditional mapp

There are several types of maps we frequently use in our daily lives. One of these is the political map. These maps usually have distinct colors and borders. So, what exactly do they show? What does a Turkish political map look like, and what features does it have? If you're not sure, you've come to the right place, because we'll now provide a detailed description of a political map. Contents What is a Political Map? What Does a Political Map Show? Political Map Features Type

Throughout human history, we have always sought a universe beyond the heavens, and we continue to do so. But we can't achieve this simply by observing from Earth. We must physically transcend the atmosphere and see the universe with our own eyes. While this isn't easy to achieve, we have developed vehicles that offer us various opportunities, and the space shuttle is one such example. So, what is a space shuttle, how does it work, what are its features, and when was it first