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Earthquakes have always been a topic of discussion throughout history due to their sudden development and destructiveness. As long as the Earth's lithosphere, or upper crust, continues to move, they will continue to occur, and there is no technology that can prevent these disasters. Therefore, it is up to us humans to act based on data and take precautions. Thanks to geographic information systems (GIS), we can develop applications such as fault line movement and recent earth

The history of radar technology, spanning from the past to the present, has been shaped by the collaborative efforts of scientists and has reached its current level of advancement through numerous innovations developed in various fields. Radars play vital roles in military defense systems, civil aviation, and meteorology, becoming the cornerstone of safe transportation, effective weather control, and accurate weather forecasts. Thanks to technological advancements, radars co

Turkey and its surrounding areas have been handed over to various peoples throughout history, each carrying a diverse legacy. Whether of different nationalities or common origins, the region's inhabitants have left behind a variety of cultural structures, artifacts, and stories that have left their mark on the future. Therefore, we have prepared a guide that encompasses them all. Welcome to Anatolian history, chronologically. Contents The Birthplace of Civilization: Göbekli T

The history of cartography dates back thousands of years BC and continues to evolve today. When researching any topic, looking at historical records should always be your first step. With this in mind, we decided to create a comprehensive content. Contents The Renaissance's Impact on Discoveries First Step to America: The Truth Behind Christopher Columbus's Voyage How One Voyage Changed the World: Vasco da Gama and the Spice Route A 500-Year-Old Riddle: The Piri Reis Map and

The Amazon rainforest stands out as one of the most awe-inspiring and complex ecosystems on the planet. Spread across nine countries and covering millions of square kilometers, this forest is home to a diverse range of life forms, many of which remain undiscovered. Beyond its rich biodiversity, the Amazon also harbors traces of ancient civilizations hidden beneath the dense vegetation and scattered across forgotten landscapes. Untouched areas of the forest continue to attrac

Turkey's coastline is home to a diverse array of islands, many of which have become popular destinations over the years. Yet, beyond the well-known names and crowded tourist routes, there's a quieter, more isolated side to island life. Tucked away along the Aegean and Marmara seas, largely untouched by mass tourism, lie a string of small, obscure islands. These islands are not only geographically unique but also rich in cultural heritage and tourism. In this article, we tak

The poles are some of the most remote, extreme, and least understood places on Earth. These icy shores are shaped by freezing temperatures, long periods of darkness and light, and vast snow and ice caps. Despite their harshness, they are not considered empty. These regions are home to unique ecosystems, extraordinary wildlife, and play a vital role in regulating the world's climate. In recent years, the poles have become increasingly popular with the global scientific commun

We always talk about forest fires afterward: how many hectares were burned, how many days did it last, how many people intervened? But the real question often lingers: Could we have foreseen this? In this article, we look not at the past, but at the possibilities. Thanks to two recent studies based on satellite data, we'll examine what nature tells us about where and when fires might break out. So, it's a little science, a little data, and a little effort to understand nature

Drought doesn't begin overnight. First, rainfall decreases, then humidity decreases, and plants lose their color. The key to understanding this silent progression is not just looking at the ground, but looking from above. Satellites have been tracking these changes for years. In this article, I'll explain how atmospheric irregularities are mapped, what data helps us predict soil drying, and why we should think of drought as a matter of "foreknowledge." What Does Drought Tell

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flies over a field or forest. Its camera takes hundreds of high-resolution photos, but it also captures colors in invisible wavelengths. So, what can such supervision reveal? For example, information such as chemical changes in plant leaves, soil moisture, or the material of a building's roof can only be revealed by processing photogrammetric (3D modeling) and hyperspectral (multispectral color analysis) data together. In this article, we'

Today, remote sensing is one of the most effective tools for observing and understanding the world. Often without fieldwork, imagery obtained from above or from orbit allows us to quickly collect data across vast areas. This data can be processed and used in a wide range of fields, from engineering to environmental management. In this article, we will explore the fundamental definition of remote sensing, image processing, and classification methods. We will also examine its a

Carl Gauss long ago demonstrated the impossibility of transferring the world onto flat paper . Just as it's impossible to peel an orange and make it perfectly flat, creating a map of the Earth's surface inevitably distorts some of it. Projections are mathematical methods that show us how to manage these distortions. When deciding which feature to preserve, we ask ourselves: shape, area, or distance. Ultimately, every projection perfectly preserves a limited feature, while o

Satellites silently orbiting in space, like vast "observation towers," constantly take photographs from a distance. Farmlands, forests, cities, and disaster areas around the world are becoming visible thanks to these devices, the eyes of space, even if they don't always utilize light. So, is this bold Sentinel or Landsat ? Or why are other satellite systems like SPOT , Pleiades , Göktürk , and WorldView preferred? In the rest of this article, we'll answer these question

Maps are seemingly simple tools through which we concretize and analyze our data. But as we examine them, they become increasingly complex. This is especially true for thematic maps. If you're wondering what a thematic map is—colorful, densely dotted, or sparsely dotted, with a wealth of data—you'll find all the answers here. Contents What is a Thematic Map? What is the Use of a Thematic Map? Thematic Map Topics Thematic Map Making Features of Thematic Maps Thematic Map Types

Today, maps have evolved into tools that serve much greater purposes than simply providing us with direction, and they continue to evolve. We have access to countless maps for various purposes, such as mining, earthquake, fire, vegetation, or population analysis. But sometimes we need maps that illustrate multiple features. For example, we need to examine transportation networks, waterways, and fault lines. That's when GIS comes into play. If you're wondering what GIS means

For those who share their live 8-hour location with a friend before going on a date, those who use Foursquare or Apple location sharing, those who can't quite figure out where they are when using Google Maps, and those who forget to share their location on WhatsApp, this article is for you. Sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, we use GPS everywhere to navigate, locate, and share our location. But do we know exactly what GPS is? Or how does it work? Frankly, it's a

Throughout human history, we have always sought a universe beyond the heavens, and we continue to do so. But we can't achieve this simply by observing from Earth. We must physically transcend the atmosphere and see the universe with our own eyes. While this isn't easy to achieve, we have developed vehicles that offer us various opportunities, and the space shuttle is one such example. So, what is a space shuttle, how does it work, what are its features, and when was it first

We all have things in life we want to see up close or with our own eyes. It might be a person, a pet, or a building. But I'd like to expand this list. Planets, stars, lurking enemies, or wild animals. Logically, most things we want to see are far away. However, there's an invention that can solve this problem: the telescope. Do you know how this device works in detail? If your answer is no, you're in the right place, because we'll be examining what a full-range telescope is,