Oct 7
What is a Map Legend? How to Use a Map Legend?
- Hakan GÜNGÖR
- Oct 7
- 4 min read
When you look at a map, blue lines, colored areas, symbols, signs, and numerical information catch your eye. So how do we understand what these elements mean? The answer is simple: through the legend. So, what exactly does a legend mean, and why are map legend symbols used? We've compiled all the answers here, so let's learn what a legend is on a map.
Contents
What is a Map Legend?
A map legend is a guide box that explains what the symbols, colors, lines, and markings used on a map represent. It's usually located in a corner of the map and helps the reader accurately interpret the information on the map . For example, a blue line might represent a river, while a red line might represent a highway. To understand the meaning of such visual codes, it's necessary to look at the legend. Without a map legend, the meaning of the markings on the map is unclear, and the map's informative value is diminished. Therefore, the presence of a legend is crucial, especially for thematic and detailed maps.
What Does Map Legend Mean?
The word legend essentially serves as a map's "key to meaning." Cartographers use various symbols and colors to simplify complex geographic information. However, these symbols aren't intuitive to everyone, which is where the legend comes in. A legend is a list or box that explains each symbol, color, and symbol used.
For example, on a city map, hospitals might be represented with a plus (+) symbol, and schools with a book symbol. The legend makes it easy to understand what these symbols mean. This makes the map not just a visual document but also a readable and meaningful source of information.
Map Legend Symbols
As you can see, map legend symbols are very diverse, and these symbols can be increased or decreased depending on the map being displayed. The more specific the map's purpose , the more detailed the symbols used.
For example, an agricultural map might use various colors and shapes to distinguish different crops, while a transportation map might only display road types with symbols. Therefore, the legend should be evaluated in conjunction with the map's content.
Legend Types
Legends not only explain the meaning of the symbols but also determine how the map should be read. Because different map types have different content and purposes, legend structures are shaped accordingly. Accordingly, there are different types of legends:
Topographic Map Legend
There are natural and artificial elements such as mountains, plains, water sources and roads.
It is generally used for military and engineering purposes.
Thematic Map Legend
Focuses on a specific topic: climate, population, agriculture, etc.
Often includes graphics and color grading
Example: Color gradient on earthquake risk map
Digital Map Legend
Interactive on web-based maps
The user changes the data visualization by turning layers on and off
Available on platforms like Google Maps, ArcGIS , Avenza Maps
How to Use Legend?
Find the map legend in the top or bottom corner
Compare the markings on the map with the descriptions in the legend
Learn the meaning of the colors used on the map
Calculate distance using the scale bar on the legend
Check the symbols of the active layers
Legend Creation Techniques
Creating legends is crucial in professional map production. When creating map legend symbols, universality is always a priority. When creating a legend:
Symbols should be clear and simple
Color palettes should be chosen according to color blindness.
Symbol dimensions must be at least 5 mm
CMYK color mode should be preferred for printing
Common Mistakes and Solutions When Creating Legends
Mistake | Solution |
Symbols are too small | Must be sized to at least 5 mm |
Colors are very close to each other | Contrast should be increased and color blindness should be taken into account. |
Legend not included on the map | Should be placed in the most visible corner (usually bottom right) |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the Legend Found on Every Map?
No. Symbols can be directly labeled, especially on simple road maps. However, they must be present on detailed or thematic maps. Otherwise, accurate understanding of the data becomes difficult.
Where to Find Legends on Digital Maps?
It's usually in the "Layers" or "Description" menu. For example, in Google Maps, it's under the ☰ icon. In some applications, the legend appears only when certain layers are active. Its location may vary depending on the user interface.
Can a Map Be Read Without a Legend?
Someone with general geographic knowledge can make basic interpretations, but a legend is essential for analysis. Without knowing the symbols' meanings, incorrect inferences can be made. Therefore, presentation without legends is not preferred in professional maps.
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